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24 February 2010

CIS view : Arguments Against Software Patents

excellent writeup by Pranesh

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: Pranesh Prakash <pranesh AT cis-india.org>
Date: Wed, Feb 24, 2010 at 2:00 AM
Subject: Arguments Against Software Patents
To: SPI Mailing List <software_patents_india@googlegroups.com>, Commons Law <commons-law@sarai.net>


Dear all,
I recently spoke at the iTechLaw conference on a panel on software patents, questioning the need for patenting of software.

If you have any comments, please do go to the blog post and leave your comment there: http://tr.im/PlcX

Arguments Against Software Patents in India
by Pranesh Prakash in Blog — Feb 22, 2010 10:30 PM

CIS believes that software patents are harmful for the software industry and for consumers. In this post, Pranesh Prakash looks at the philosophical, legal and practical reasons for holding such a position in India. This is a slightly modified version of a presentation made by Pranesh Prakash at the iTechLaw conference in Bangalore on February 5, 2010, as part of a panel discussing software patents in India, the United States, and the European Union.
----
This blog post is based on a presentation made at the [iTechLaw conference][] held on February 5, 2010.  The audience consisted of lawyers from various corporations and corporate law firms.  As is their wont, most lawyers when dealing with software patents get straight to an analysis of law governing the patenting of computer programmes in India and elsewhere, and seeing whether any loopholes exist and can be exploited to patent software.  It was refreshing to see at least some lawyers actually going into questions of the need for patents to cover computer programs.  In my presentation, I made a multi-pronged case against software patents: (1) philosophical justification against software patents based on the nature of software; (2) legal case against software patents; (3) practical reasons against software patents.

[iTechLaw conference]: http://www.itechlaw-india.com/

##Preamble##
Through these arguments, it is sought to be shown that patentability of software is not some arcane, technical question of law, but is a real issue that affect the continued production of new software and the everyday life of the coder/hacker/software programmer/engineer as well as consumers of software (which is, I may remind you, everywhere from your pacemaker to your phone).  A preamble to the arguments would note that the main question to ask is: **why should we allow for patenting of software**?  Answering this question will lead us to ask: **who benefits from patenting of software**.  The conclusion that I come to is that patenting of software helps three categories of people: (1) those large software corporations that already have a large number of software patents; (2) those corporations that do not create software, but only trade in patents / sue on the basis of patents ("patent trolls"); (3) patent lawyers.  How they don't help small and medium enterprises nor society at large (since they deter, rather than further invention) will be borne out by the rest of these arguments, especially the section on practical reasons against software patents.

##What are Patents?##
Patents are a twenty-year monopoly granted by the State on any invention.  An invention has to have at least four characteristics: (0) patentable subject matter; (1) novelty (it has to be new); (2) inventive step / non-obviousness (even if new, it should not be obvious); (3) application to industry.  A monopoly over that invention, thus means that if person X has invented something, then I may not use the core parts of that invention ("the essential claims") in my own invention. This prohibition applies even if I have come upon my invention without having known about X's invention.  (Thus, independent creation is not a defence to patent infringement.  This distinguishes it, for instance, from copyright law in which two people who created the same work independently of each other can both assert copyright.)  Patents cover non-abstract ideas/functionality while copyright covers specific expressions of ideas.  To clarify: imagine I make a drawing of a particular machine and describe the procedure of making it.  Under patent law, no one else can make that particular machine, while under copyright law, no one can copy that drawing.

##Philosophical Justification Against Software Patents##
Even without going into the case against patents _per se_ (lack of independent creation as a defence; lack of 'harm' as a criterion leading to internalization of all positive externalities; lack of effective disclosure and publication; etc.), which has been done much more ably by others like [Bessen & Meurer][] (especially in their book [Patent Failure]) and [Boldrin & Levine] (in their book [Against Intellectual Monopoly], the full text of which is available online).

[Bessen & Meurer]: http://www.researchoninnovation.org/
[Patent Failure]: http://researchoninnovation.org/dopatentswork/
[Boldrin & Levine]: http://www.againstmonopoly.org/
[Against Intellectual Monopoly]: http://levine.sscnet.ucla.edu/general/intellectual/againstnew.htm

But there is one essentially philosophical argument against software as subject matter of a patent.  Software/computer programs ("instructions for a computer"), as any software engineer would tell you, are merely [algorithms][] ("an effective method for solving a problem using a finite sequence of instructions") that are meant to be understood by a computer or a human who knows how to read that code.

[algorithms]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithm

Algorithms are not patentable subject matter, as they are mere expressions of abstract ideas, and not inventions in themselves. Computer programs, similarly, are abstract ideas.  They only stop being abstract ideas when embodied in a machine or a process in which it is the machine/process that is the essential claim and not the software. That machine or process being patented would not grant protection to the software itself, but to the whole machine or process.  Thus the abstract part of that machine/process (i.e., the computer program) could be used in any other machine/process, as it it is not the subject matter of the patent.  Importantly, just because software is required to operate some machine would then not mean that the machine itself is not patentable, just that the software cannot be patented in guise of patenting a machine.

##Legal Case Against Software Patents##
In India, section 3(k) of the Patent Act reads:
> (3) The following are not inventions within the meaning of this Act: (k) a mathematical or business method or computer programme (_sic_) _per se_ or algorithms.

As one can see, computer programs are place in the same category as "mathematical methods", "algorithms", and "business methods", hence giving legal validity to the idea propounded in the previous section that computer programs are a kind of algorithms (just as algorithms are a kind of mathematical method).

Be that as it may, the best legal minds in India have had to work hard at understanding what exactly "computer programme _per se_" means.  They have cited U.S. case law, U.K. case law, E.U. precedents, and sought to arrive at an understanding of how _per se_ should be understood.  While understanding what _per se_ means might be a difficult job, it is much easier to see what it does _not_ mean.  For that, we can look at the 2004 Patent Ordinance that Parliament rejected in 2005.  In that ordinance, sections 3(k) and (ka) read as follows:
> (3) The following are not inventions within the meaning of this Act: (k) a computer programme _per se_ other than its technical application to industry or a combination with hardware; (ka) a mathematical method or a business method or algorithms.

Thus, it is clear that the interpretation that "computer programme _per se_" excludes "a computer programme that has technical application to industry" and "a computer programme in combination with hardware" is wrong.  By rejecting the 2004 Ordinance wording, Parliament has clearly shown that "technical application to industry" and "combination with hardware" do not make a computer programme patentable subject matter.

Indeed, what exactly is "technical application to industry"? ["Technical"][technical] has various definitions, and a perusal through those definitions would show that barely any computer program can be said not to relate to a technique, not involve "specialized knowledge of applied arts and sciences" (it is code, after all; not everyone can write good algorithms), or not relate to "a practical subject that is organized according to scientific principles" or is "technological". Similarly, all software is, [by definition][software-def], meant to be used in combination with hardware.  Thus, it being used in combination with hardware must not, as argued above, give rise to patentability of otherwise unpatentable subject matter category.

[technical]: http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=technical
[software-def]: http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=software

In 2008, the Patent Office published a new 'Draft Manual Of Patent Practice And Procedure' in which it sought to allow patenting of certain method claims for software inventions (while earlier the Patent Office objected to method claims, allowing only device claims with hardware components).  This Draft Manual was withdrawn from circulation, with Shri N.N. Prasad (then Joint Secretary of DIPP, the department administering the Patent Office) noting that the parts of the Manual on sections 3(d) and 3(k) had generated a lot of controversy, and were _ultra vires_ the scope of the Manual (which could not override the Patent Act).  He promised that those parts would be dropped and the Manual would be re-written.  A revised draft of the Manual has not yet been released.  Thus the interpretation provided in the Draft Manual (which was based heavily on the interpretation of the U.K. courts) cannot not be relied upon as a basis for arguments in favour of the patentability of software in India.

In October 2008, CIS helped organize a [National Public Meeting on Software Patents][npmsp] in which Indian academics, industry, scientists, and FOSS enthusiasts all came to the conclusion that software patents are harmful for [both the industry as well as consumers][sp-article].

[npmsp]: http://www.cis-india.org/advocacy/openness/blog/the-national-public-meeting-on-software-patents
[sp-article]: http://cis-india.org/advocacy/openness/software-patents/software-patenting-will-harm-industry-consumer

##Practical Reasons Against Software Patents##
This is going to be an attempt at distilling and simplifying some of the main practical arguments against patenting of software.

There are traditionally [four incentives that the patent system caters to][incentives]: (1) incentive to invent; (2) incentive to disclose; (3) incentive to commercialize; and (4) incentive to invent substitutes. Apart from the last, patenting of software does not really aid any of them.  Even the last is not achieved when patent gridlocks form, as will be seen below.

1.   ###Patent Landmines / Submarine Patents / Patent Gridlocks / No Exception for Independent Creation
    Given that computer programs are algorithms, having monopolies over such abstract ideas is detrimental to innovation.  Just the metaphors say a lot about software patents: landmines (they cannot be seen/predicted); submarines (they surface out of the blue); gridlocks (because there are so many software patents around the same area of computing, they prevent further innovation in that area, since no program can be written without violating one patent or the other).

    Imagine the madness that would have ensued had patents been granted when computer programming was in its infancy.  Imagine different methods of sorting (quick sort, bubble sort) that are part of Computer Science 101 had been patented.  While those particular instances aren't, similar algorithms, such as data compression algorithms (including the infamous [LZW compression method][lzw]), have been granted patents. Most importantly, even if one codes certain functionality into software independently of the patent holder, that is still violative of the patent.  Computer programs being granted patents makes it extremely difficult to create other computer programs that are based on the same abstract ideas.  Thus incentives # (1) and (3) are not fulfilled, and indeed, they are harmed.  There is no incentive to invent, as one would always be violating one patent or the other.  Given that, there is no incentive to commercialize what one has invented, because of fear of patent infringement suits.

    An apt illustration of this is the current difficulty of choosing a royalty-free video format for HTML 5, as it shows, in practical terms, how difficult it is to create a video format without violating one patent or the other.  While the PNG image format was created to side-step the patent over the LZW compression method used in the GIF image format, bringing Ogg Theora or Dirac (both patent-free video format) to surpass the levels of H.264/MPEG-4 AVC or VC-1 will be very difficult without infringing dozens if not hundreds of software patents.  Chris DiBona of Google, while talking about [improving Ogg Theora][theora-patents] as part of its inclusion in HTML 5 specifications said, "Here’s the challenge: Can Theora move forward without infringing on the other video compression patents?"  Just [the number of companies and organization that hold patents over H.264][h264-patents] is astounding, and includes: Columbia University, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute of Korea (ETRI), France Télécom, Fujitsu, LG Electronics, Matsushita, Mitsubishi, Microsoft, Motorola, Nokia, Philips, Robert Bosch GmbH, Samsung, Sharp, Sony, Toshiba, and Victor Company of Japan (JVC).  As is the amount of royalties to be paid ("[t]he maximum royalty for these rights payable by an Enterprise (company and greater than 50% owned subsidiaries) is $3.5 million per year in 2005-2006, $4.25 million per year in 2007-08 and $5 million per year in 2009-10"; with royalty per unit of a decoder-encoder costing upto USD 0.20.)

    Indeed, even the most diligent companies cannot guard themselves against software patents.  FFII estimates that a very simple online shopping website [would violate twenty different patents at the very least][webshop]. Microsoft recently lost a case against i4i when i4i surfaced with a patent covering custom XML as implemented in MS Office 2003 and MS Office 2007.  As a result Microsoft had to ship patches to its millions of customers, to disable the functionality and bypass that patent.  The manufacturers of BlackBerry, the Canadian company Research in Motion, had to shell out [USD 617 million as settlement][RIM-NTP] to NTP over wireless push e-mail, as it was otherwise faced with the possibility of the court shutting down the BlackBerry service in the U.S.  This happened despite there being a well-known method of doing so pre-dating the NTP patents.  NTP has also filed cases against AT&T, Sprint Nextel, T-Mobile, Verizon Wireless, and Palm Inc.  [Microsoft was also hit by Visto Corporation][visto] over those same NTP patents, which had been licensed to Visto (a startup).

   * ####Don't These Cases Show How Software Patents Help Small Companies?
     The astute reader might be tempted to ask: are not all of these examples of small companies getting their dues from larger companies? Doesn't all of this show that software patents actually help small and medium enterprises (SMEs)?  The answer to that is: no.  To see why, we need to note the common thread binding i4i, NTP, and Visto.  None of them were, at the time of their lawsuits, actually creating new software, and NTP was an out-and-out "non-practising entity"/"patent holding company" AKA, patent troll.  i4i was in the process of closing shop, and Visto had just started up.  None of these were actually practising the patent.  None of these were producing any other software.  Thus, none of these companies had anything to lose by going after big companies.  In other words, the likes of Microsoft, RIM, Verizon, AT&T, etc., could not file counter-suits of patent infringement, which is normally what happens when SMEs try to assert patent rights against larger corporations.  For every patent that the large corporation violates of the smaller corporation, the smaler corporation would be violating at least ten of the larger corporation's.  Software patents are more helpful for software companies as a tool for cross-licensing rather than as a way of earning royalties.  Even this does not work as a strategy against patent trolls.

    Thus, the assertion that was made at the beginning is borne out: software patents help only patent trolls, large corporations that already have large software patent portfolios, and the lawyers who draft these patents and later argue them out in court.

[incentives]: http://www.patenthawk.com/blog/2005/04/patent_economics_part_4_incent.html
[lzw]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LZW
[theora-patents]: http://www.mail-archive.com/whatwg@lists.whatwg.org/msg15476.html
[h264-patents]: http://74.125.153.132/search?q=cache:jRnXmHcZCMsJ:www.mpegla.com/Lists/MPEG%2520LA%2520News%2520List/Attachments/140/n_03-11-17_avc.html+http://www.mpegla.com/news/n_03-11-17_avc.html&cd=2&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=in
[webshop]: http://webshop.ffii.org
[RIM-NTP]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTP,_Inc.#RIM_patent_infringement_litigation
[visto]: http://copyfight.corante.com/archives/2005/12/15/rimntp_mud_splashes_microsoft.php


2.   ###Term of Patents
    Twenty years of monopoly rights is outright ludicrous in an industry where the rate of turnover of technology is much faster -- anywhere between two years and five months.

3.   ###Software Industry Progressed Greatly Without Patents
    In India, software patents have never been asserted in courts (even though many have been [illegally granted][illegal-sp]), yet the software industry in India is growing in leaps and bounds.  Similarly, most of the big (American) giants of the software industry today grew to their stature by using copyright to "protect" their software, and not patents.
[illegal-sp]: http://www.cis-india.org/advocacy/openness/blog/the-national-public-meeting-on-software-patents

4.   ###Copyright Exists for Software
    As noted above, the code/expression of any software is internationally protected by copyright law.  There is no reason to protect the ideas/functionality of that software as well.

5.   ###Insufficient Disclosure
    When ordinary computer programmers cannot understand what a particular software patent covers (which is the overwhelming case), then the patent is of no use.  One of the main incentives of the patent system is to encourage gifted inventors to share their genius with the world.  It is not about gifted inventors paying equally gifted lawyers to obfuscate their inventions into gobbledygook so that other gifted inventors can at best hazard a guess as to precisely what is and is not covered by that patent.  Thus, this incentive (#2) is not fulfilled by the current system of patents either -- not unless there is a major overhaul of the system.  This ties in with the impossibility of ensuring that one is not violating a software patent.  If a reasonably smart software developer (who are often working as individuals, and as part of SMEs) cannot quickly ascertain whether one is violating patents, then there is a huge disincentive against developing software in that area at all.

6.   ###Software Patents Work Against Free/Libre/Open Source Software
    Software patents hinder the development of software and FOSS licences, as the licensee is not allowed to restrict the rights of the sub-licensees over and above the restrictions that the licensee has to observe.  Thus, all patent clearances obtained by the licensee must be passed on to the sub-licensees.  Thus, patented software, though most countries around the world do not recognize them, are generally not included in the default builds of many FOSS operating systems.  This inhabits the general adoption of FOSS, since many of the software patents, even though not enforceable in India, are paid heed to by the software that Indians download, and the MP3 and DivX formats are not enabled by default in standard installations of a Linux OS such as Ubuntu.

##Conclusion##
Currently, the U.S. patent system is being reviewed at the administrative level, the legislative level, as well as the judicial level.  At the judicial level, the question of business method patents (and, by extension, software patents) is before the Supreme Court of the United States of America in the form of [_Bilski v. Kappos_][bilski]. Judge Mayer of the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (CAFC, which heard _In re Bilksi_) noted that "the patent system has run amok".  The Free Software Foundation submitted a most extensive [_amicus curiae_ brief][fsf-amicus] to the U.S. Supreme Court, filled with brilliant analysis of software patents and arguments against the patentability of software that is well worth a read.

[fsf-amicus]: http://endsoftpatents.org/amicus-bilski-2009
[bilski]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilski_v._Kappos

Posted via email from LUG@IITD Community Blog

23 February 2010

Spreading FOSS everywhere

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: Yugandhar Veeramachaneni <yugandhar AT hsiplabs.com>
Date: Tue, Feb 23, 2010 at 5:46 PM
Subject: Hello Buddy..,
To: narendra sisodiya <narendra.sisodiya@gmail.com>


Hello Narendra

After a very long time I am writing to you. Hope everything is fine with you and Eduvid.

I am very happy to tell you that, even though our college is not a big one like the IITs, we are forming our own OpenSource Community and a Linux User Group.

And I am writing this to you, to thank you, for introducing me to the OpenSource World. Today I enjoy my system running karmic very much and I am much passionate towards Linux Distros and OpenSource Software.

Thank you yaar

Yugandhar Veeramachaneni
Administrator
HSIPLABS.COM | AndhraFunda.com

Posted via email from LUG@IITD Community Blog

22 February 2010

Workshop on "Public Software for Social Sector-Principles and Practice" Jaipur 25 Feb 2010

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: Krittika <krittika@itforchange.net>
Date: Mon, Feb 22, 2010 at 6:12 PM
Subject: [fosscomm] Workshop on "Public Software for Social Sector-Principles and Practice"
To: network@lists.fosscom.in


"Public Software for Social Sector - Principles and Practice" on 25 Feb in Jaipur:

Representatives from NGOs, academic institutions, government, schools and colleges will attend the Workshop on “Public Software for Social Sector – Principles and Practice”, to be held in Jaipur on 25 Feb, 2010 from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. at the Digantar Shiksha Evam Khelkud Samiti.

The event aims to

  1. Promote Awareness about the advantages of Public Software amongst those who have not heard about FOSS or have inhibitions adopting it;

  2. Address the perceptions of people who are aware of Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) to Appreciate the benefits of public software over proprietary software; and

  3. Help people/institutions who are convinced about the imperative for public institutions to adopt public software to adopt it.

The conference will commence with presentations and talks relating to the importance of public software to society, especially to the social sector by senior academics and practitioners. A volunteer team will help individuals and organizations migrate to public software platforms. Institutions which are keen to migrate to public software could register with this team and plan this process.

The workshop is being co-organised by Digantar with UNESCO, Knowledge Commons, Digital Empowerment Foundation and IT for Change. It is as part of a series of events being organised this year throughout India on public software and its imperative for the public sector.

For further information, please read the Concept Note here: http://www.public-software.in/taxonomy/term/54

Posted via email from LUG@IITD Community Blog

20 February 2010

AI based software, a new challenge to Open Standard. A case of Quillpad typing hindi

       I am a big fan of Open Standards, but the nature of development do not take care about open standards. Recently my brother asked me why do not I use Quillpad ( http://www.quillpad.in/hindi/ ) for writing hindi. I was trying to write Hindi using "inscript keyboard layout". inscript is proper way to typing hindi. you can see this layout on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InScript_Typing . For typing हिन्दी in one has to type "ufvdor" and thus one has to remember the keyboard layout. I do not think that even 1% of Indian who use computer, know this layout. Every children who learn computer use to learn English keyboard layout. So the natural tendency student will go with keyboard software which are AI based. as one example is Quillpad. with Quillpad, hindi typing is so easy. one cannot think that hindi typing can be made so easy. for typing हिन्दी you need to type "Hindi". This will convert "Hindi" into हिन्दी. but the real problem and real feature is its suggestion. when you type Hindi, it will suggest 4 similar words  - हिन्दी हिंदी हीन्दी हिंडी . similarly "Tum" can lead to  तुम टम तूँ तूम . Also if you want to type हम , you can type "hum" Or "ham". So basically they have made a system where they can analyse, what a user meant when he type something and accordingly they can push suggestion. So what is wrong ? I think the wrong part is - "giving a better technology where we developer has no control and normal user do not care about these issues". For me, as I think, these technologies provide a non-standard way to give better results. Now nobody compete because the actual AI algorithms are on server side where we do not have any control. May be this is a small case and one can make a similar software based on reverse engineering but I am talking about proper standard which everybody follow. May be in the future we may see some complex software based on AI and other technologies where you will unable to find any competing body and this will create a state which we call "Monopoly", a special form of monopoly even without patents.


┌─────────────────────────┐
│    Narendra Sisodiya ( नरेन्द्र सिसोदिया )
│    Society for Knowledge Commons
│    Web : http://narendra.techfandu.org
└─────────────────────────┘

Posted via email from Narendra Sisodiya's posterous

18 February 2010

How a FOSS lover fight in his Office - Government office wasting money in High-priced proprietory system

Can KolKata guys help on this issue ?

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: Rajib Bandopadhyay <bkpsusmitaa ( AT ) gmail DOT com>
Date: Thu, Feb 18, 2010 at 11:30 PM
Subject: [fosscomm] ILUG & FOSS alert - Government office wasting money in High-priced proprietory system
To: network@lists.fosscom.in


Dear FOSS & ILUG people,

It is time that you people got involved in the issues regarding which
I have made complaints to my office and fighting alone.

The first is regarding buying overpriced computers with windows
operating system (OS only) and installing pirated copies of MSOffice
in those computers for nearly 90 computers.
The next is regarding replacing the GNU-Linux system bought by my
office with pirated windows OS and pirated MSOffice.
The third is regarding inoperable website www.kolkata-servicetax.gov.in

I had talked to Mr.A.Mani and Mr.P.Verma, way back in the first week
of September 2009, requesting them to hold a free seminar-cum-training
program for my office people so that we could begin converting people
from proprietory to FOSS system, and gradually convert the pirated
systems to FOSS systems.They had agreed to it. I had informed the
office, especially the Commissioner, about the FOSS peoples' interest
in conducting a free seminar-cum-tutorial sessions.

But after so many months I find that my office is actually intent on
killing every investigation on the anomalies. The Linux systems are
lying unused in some places, because people have a no notion about
linux and FOSS, and my office is intent on changing the OS for obvious
reasons.

Please file enquiries using the Right to Information to know:
1.What type of machines the Service Tax Commissionerate is using?
2.If the office is using Windows OS then which office package the
office is using?
3.If the office is using MSOffice, whether they are licensed (one
license per machine)?
4.If they are licensed, to provide a photocopy of the license cum
invoice.
5.If the office is using OpenOffice.org instead of MSOffice, whether
it is worthwhile to use FOSS like openoffice with proprietory high-
priced computers?
6.Demand copies of the complaints submitted by me from the office and
ask what actions the office has taken on the complaints?
7.Has the commissioner taken cognizance of the free training program,
and what steps has he taken to reduce government expenditure?
8.Knowing that my office uses office package only rudimentarily, and
when it is easy to implement low-priced, efficient systems, why is the
office spending so much money to buy high priced proprietory systems?

If you people need copies of the complaints, let me know. I will send
the required pdf files to the user group. Office secrets act won't
stop me, because welfare of public is involved. I have informed some
extra-departmental investigating agencies, and they are working on the
complaints. Kindly enforce speedy justice for the public.

If you can get the issue highlighted in the newspaper it will be a
national issue, because so far as I know, nearly all the
commissionerates (Customs, Central Excise and Service Tax, totalling
about a hundred) all over India are following the same practice.
Regards,
Rajib Bandopadhyay
_______________________________________________
network mailing list
network@lists.fosscom.in
http://lists.fosscom.in/listinfo.cgi/network-fosscom.in

Posted via email from LUG@IITD Community Blog

13 February 2010

Response of RTI on Indian Openstandard Draft Policy #india #openstandard

I have attached the Response of RTI on Indian OpenStandard Draft Policy
related links -
1) Specific issues with version 2.4 of Draft Policy on Open Standards
for e­Governance (India) -
http://lug-iitd.posterous.com/specific-issues-with-version-24-of-draft-poli
2) http://fosscomm.in/OpenStandards

┌─────────────────────────┐
│ Narendra Sisodiya ( नरेन्द्र सिसोदिया )
│ Society for Knowledge Commons
│ Web : http://narendra.techfandu.org
└─────────────────────────┘

Posted via email from LUG@IITD Community Blog

12 February 2010

Hall of Shame : Indian Website which need IE and close standard

1)  Income Tax DEpt website only accept Microsoft Excel format. They
must use Open Office format - ref
http://fosscomm.in/Letter_to_IncomeTax_Dept_By-Guru

2) ISRO Bhuvan Project (Indian Earth Observation Visualisation -
http://bhuvan.nrsc.gov.in ) - ask use to use Microsoft Windows with IE
and 3D capable graphics card.
we have written at letter on it - http://fosscomm.in/ISRO_Bhuvan

3) http://www.aicte-india.org/prmportal_enu/start.swe?SWECmd=Start&SWEHo=www.aicte-india.org
AICTE website for colleges to put in there information. But colleges
can never open these links.
-- We cannot see this page --
Site Requirements (as given in AICTE website):

Section 1:
   Desktop/PC Platform Requirements
       * Microsoft Windows XP Professional SP2 or above with Internet
Explorer 6.0 or above. Cumulative Security Update for Internet
Explorer 6 Service Pack 2 (KB867801) or above is a prerequisite.
   OR
       * Microsoft Vista with SP1 or above4 with Internet Explorer
7.0 and above

4)  http://www.courtnic.nic.in/ which gives disposed and pending case
status in various courts in India do not work in Firefox.  Although
the site is displayed in Firefox, the submit option does not work.  I
had sent a mail to NIC(clist@nic.in) some time back regarding this,
but did not get any response.


5)from - http://gnowgi.org/2009/10/02/usvisab/ - US Visa application
not possible if you use free software!
October 2, 2009
    I wanted to go to the international conference on semantic web to
be held in October 2009 near Washington.  So I try to apply for US
visa.  There seems to be no way for a person to apply for US visa
without using MS Internet Explorer.  Firefox/Mozilla based browsers
don’t work.  In protest to this unfair practice, I have written the
following open letter to the Ambassador of United States in India.

6)   http://fyjc.org.in is website for Mumbai Region
11th Standard Online Admissions - It is not avaiable in Firefox. It
say "Currently we are supporting Microsoft Internet explorer v6 or
newer only"

Posted via email from LUG@IITD Community Blog

11 February 2010

Wikireader : 3 button 3 million article : see my pic #wikireader

I have got chance to see one of the most valuable digital instrument.
It has only 3 button and It claim 3 million articles on it. There is
not need to connect via Internet to read articles. All articles
present in some XML format which you can upgrade also.
In India you can buy from http://www.idasystems.net/wikireader , This
will cost you 5500 (including shipping), I will be getting my
personal wikireader at the end of this month. If you want to know more
about this wikireader you can read online on its website -
http://thewikireader.com/
This is made by same company who is developing Openmoko and believe in
free hardware and free and open source values. This is a effort to
give open content.

by -

┌─────────────────────────┐
│ Narendra Sisodiya ( नरेन्द्र सिसोदिया )
│ Society for Knowledge Commons
│ Web : http://narendra.techfandu.org
└─────────────────────────┘

Posted via email from Narendra Sisodiya's posterous

08 February 2010

YLMF OS files

These files contains YMLF OS's list of installed applications and
backup of setting using
gconftool-2 -R /

/apps:
/apps/update-manager:
autoclose_install_window = true
first_run = false
show_versions = false
remind_reload = true
window_size = (no value set)
show_details = false
launch_time = 1262862929
check_dist_upgrades = true
/apps/empathy:
autoconnect = true
file_transfer_default_folder =
use_conn = true
import_asked = false
/apps/empathy/notifications:
notifications_contact_signin = false
notifications_contact_signout = false
notifications_disabled_away = true
notifications_enabled = true
use_libindicate = true
notifications_focus = false
/apps/empathy/location:
publish = false
resource_cell = true
resource_network = true
resource_gps = false
reduce_accuracy = true
/apps/empathy/ui:
main_window_hidden = false
compact_contact_list = false
separate_chat_windows = false
show_offline = false
show_avatars = true
avatar_directory =
/apps/empathy/conversation:
spell_checker_languages = en
theme = classic
show_contacts_in_rooms = true
adium_path =
avatar_in_icon = false
nick_completion_char = :
spell_checker_enabled = true
graphical_smileys = true
enable_webkit_developer_tools = false
theme_chat_room = true
/apps/empathy/hints:
close_main_window = true
/apps/empathy/sounds:
sounds_disabled_away = true
sounds_incoming_message = true
sounds_service_logout = false
sounds_service_login = false
sounds_new_conversation = true
sounds_contact_login = true
sounds_enabled = true
sounds_contact_logout = true
sounds_outgoing_message = false
/apps/empathy/accounts:
salut_created = false
imported_mc4_accounts = false
/apps/empathy/contacts:
sort_criterium = name
/apps/gnobots2:
/apps/gnobots2/preferences:
/apps/baobab:
/apps/baobab/properties:
enable_home_monitor = false
skip_scan_uri_list = []
/apps/baobab/ui:
toolbar_visible = true
statusbar_visible = false
baobab_subfoldertips_visible = true
/apps/yelp:
use_caret = true
use_system_fonts = true
variable_font = Sans 12
fixed_font = Monospace 12
/apps/totem:
brightness = 32767
show_vfx = true
lock_screensaver_on_audio = true
deinterlace = false
shuffle = false
autoload_subtitles = false
volume = 100
subtitle_encoding = GBK
debug = false
hue = 32767
auto_resize = false
window_on_top = false
visual = goom
remember_position = false
connection_speed = 11
buffer-size = 3
subtitle_font = 文泉驿正黑 Italic 20
saturation = 32767
repeat = false
audio_output_type = 0
visual_quality = 0
disable_user_plugins = false
open_path =
screenshot_save_path =
contrast = 32767
network-buffer-threshold = 2
/apps/totem/plugins:
/apps/totem/plugins/bbc:
active = true
/apps/totem/plugins/youtube:
active = true
/apps/gnome-power-manager:
/apps/gnome-power-manager/buttons:
hibernate = hibernate
lid_battery = suspend
suspend = suspend
power = interactive
lid_ac = suspend
/apps/gnome-power-manager/actions:
low_ups = hibernate
sleep_type_ac = suspend
event_when_closed_battery = true
critical_ups = shutdown
sleep_type_battery = nothing
critical_battery = hibernate
/apps/gnome-power-manager/thresholds:
time_low = 1200
time_critical = 300
percentage_low = 10
time_action = 120
percentage_critical = 3
percentage_action = 2
/apps/gnome-power-manager/ui:
show_context_menu = true
show_actions_in_menu = false
icon_policy = charge
enable_sound = true
/apps/gnome-power-manager/lock:
hibernate = true
suspend = true
gnome_keyring_hibernate = true
blank_screen = false
use_screensaver_settings = false
gnome_keyring_suspend = false
/apps/gnome-power-manager/timeout:
sleep_computer_battery = 0
sleep_computer_ac = 0
sleep_display_ac = 1800
sleep_display_battery = 600
sleep_computer_ups = 0
sleep_display_ups = 600
/apps/gnome-power-manager/disks:
spindown_timeout_ac = 600
spindown_enable_ac = false
spindown_timeout_battery = 60
spindown_enable_battery = true
/apps/gnome-power-manager/general:
check_type_cpu = false
network_sleep = false
installed_schema = 3
use_profile_time = true
use_time_for_policy = true
can_hibernate = false
can_suspend = true
/apps/gnome-power-manager/backlight:
dpms_method_battery = off
idle_dim_time = 10
battery_reduce = true
brightness_ac = 100
idle_brightness = 30
enable = true
idle_dim_ac = false
dpms_method_ac = off
idle_dim_battery = true
brightness_dim_battery = 50
/apps/gnome-power-manager/statistics:
graph_type = power
show_events = true
show_axis_labels = true
smooth_data = true
data_max_time = 21600
/apps/gnome-power-manager/notify:
discharging = true
low_power = true
sleep_failed = true
sleep_failed_uri =
perhaps_recall = true
low_capacity = true
fully_charged = false
/apps/update-notifier:
auto_launch = true
hide_reboot_notification = false
show_apport_crashes = true
end_system_uids = 500
regular_auto_launch_interval = 7
/apps/seahorse:
/apps/seahorse/sharing:
sharing_enabled = false
/apps/seahorse/listing:
show_trust = false
sort_by = name
show_expires = false
show_validity = true
show_type = false
/apps/rhythmbox:
library_strip_chars = false
grace_period = 45
library_layout_filename = %tN - %tt
library_preferred_format = cdlossy
library_locations = []
use_replaygain = false
monitor_library = false
library_layout_path = %aa/%at
first_time_flag = false
/apps/rhythmbox/state:
add_dir =
burn_speed = 0
volume = 1
right_paned_position = 400
small_width = 600
sourcelist_height = 300
play_order = linear
window_height = 550
burn_device =
window_width = 800
paned_position = 160
window_maximized = false
window_position_x = 0
window_position_y = 0
/apps/rhythmbox/state/daap:
show_browser = true
sorting = Artist,ascending
paned_position = 180
/apps/rhythmbox/state/library:
show_browser = true
sorting = Artist,ascending
paned_position = 180
/apps/rhythmbox/state/podcast:
show_browser = true
download_interval = 0
sorting_feeds = Feed,ascending
sorting_posts = Title,ascending
download_prefix =
download_next_time = 1
/apps/rhythmbox/state/iradio:
show_browser = false
sorting = Title,ascending
/apps/rhythmbox/state/ipod:
show_browser = true
/apps/rhythmbox/state/mtp:
show_browser = true
/apps/rhythmbox/ui:
queue_as_sidebar = false
toolbar_hidden = false
columns_setup = RB_TREE_MODEL_NODE_COL_TRACK_NUMBER_STR,RB_TREE_MODEL_NODE_COL_ARTIST,RB_TREE_MODEL_NODE_COL_ALBUM,RB_TREE_MODEL_NODE_COL_GENRE,RB_TREE_MODEL_NODE_COL_DURATION
sourcelist_hidden = false
song_position_slider_hidden = false
small_display = false
time_display = true
rhythmdb_columns_setup = RHYTHMDB_PROP_TRACK_NUMBER,RHYTHMDB_PROP_ARTIST,RHYTHMDB_PROP_ALBUM,RHYTHMDB_PROP_GENRE,RHYTHMDB_PROP_DURATION,RHYTHMDB_PROP_POST_TIME
statusbar_hidden = false
toolbar_style = 0
/apps/rhythmbox/ui/library:
browser_views = 0
/apps/rhythmbox/audioscrobbler:
username =
scrobbler_url = http://post.audioscrobbler.com/
password =
/apps/rhythmbox/sharing:
require_password = false
share_password =
share_name =
enable_browsing = true
enable_sharing = false
/apps/rhythmbox/plugins:
no_user_plugins = false
/apps/rhythmbox/plugins/audioscrobbler:
active = true
hidden = false
/apps/rhythmbox/plugins/rblirc:
active = false
hidden = false
/apps/rhythmbox/plugins/ipod:
active = true
hidden = false
/apps/rhythmbox/plugins/cd-recorder:
active = true
hidden = true
/apps/rhythmbox/plugins/magnatune:
show_browser = true
sorting = Artist,ascending
active = true
format = ogg
hidden = false
paned_position = 88
pay = 8
/apps/rhythmbox/plugins/status-icon:
status-icon-mode = 3
active = true
window-visible = true
notification-mode = 1
mouse-wheel-mode = 0
/apps/rhythmbox/plugins/tray-icon:
hidden = false
/apps/rhythmbox/plugins/artdisplay:
active = true
hidden = false
/apps/rhythmbox/plugins/iradio:
active = true
hidden = true
/apps/rhythmbox/plugins/daap:
active = true
hidden = false
/apps/rhythmbox/plugins/power-manager:
active = false
hidden = false
/apps/rhythmbox/plugins/audiocd:
active = true
hidden = true
/apps/rhythmbox/plugins/lyrics:
engines = [leoslyrics.com,lyrc.com.ar]
folder =
active = false
hidden = false
/apps/rhythmbox/plugins/generic-player:
active = true
hidden = true
/apps/rhythmbox/plugins/visualizer:
quality = 1
active = true
element = goom
hidden = false
screen = 0
monitor = 0
/apps/rhythmbox/plugins/mmkeys:
active = true
hidden = true
/apps/rhythmbox/plugins/jamendo:
show_browser = true
active = true
format = ogg3
hidden = false
paned_position = 180
sorting = Artist,ascending
/apps/rhythmbox/plugins/pythonconsole:
active = false
hidden = false
/apps/rhythmbox/plugins/fmradio:
active = false
hidden = false
/apps/rhythmbox/player:
transition_time = 0
transition_album_check = true
network_buffer_size = 32
use_xfade_backend = false
/apps/eog:
/apps/eog/ui:
/apps/eog/view:
/apps/eog/full_screen:
/apps/eog/plugins:
/apps/gnotravex:
/apps/gtali:
/apps/gwd:
metacity_theme_opacity = 0.75
metacity_theme_active_opacity = 1
blur_type = all
mouse_wheel_action = none
metacity_theme_shade_opacity = true
use_metacity_theme = true
metacity_theme_active_shade_opacity = true
/apps/stickynotes_applet:
/apps/stickynotes_applet/defaults:
width = 100
font_color = #000000
color = #ECF833
height = 100
font = Sans 10
/apps/stickynotes_applet/settings:
force_default = false
confirm_deletion = true
date_format = %x
locked = false
use_system_font = true
sticky = true
use_system_color = true
/apps/evince:
override_restrictions = true
/apps/aisleriot:
/apps/metacity:
/apps/metacity/global_keybindings:
cycle_group_backward = disabled
switch_to_workspace_1 = disabled
switch_to_workspace_2 = disabled
switch_to_workspace_10 = disabled
switch_to_workspace_11 = disabled
switch_to_workspace_12 = disabled
switch_to_workspace_3 = disabled
switch_to_workspace_4 = disabled
run_command_window_screenshot = Print
cycle_windows_backward = disabled
switch_to_workspace_7 = disabled
show_desktop = d
switch_to_workspace_6 = disabled
cycle_group = F6
run_command_screenshot = Print
switch_panels = Tab
switch_to_workspace_left = Left
cycle_panels = Escape
switch_to_workspace_9 = disabled
switch_to_workspace_5 = disabled
switch_windows = Tab
switch_to_workspace_down = Down
switch_to_workspace_8 = disabled
switch_windows_backward = disabled
switch_to_workspace_right = Right
run_command_1 = disabled
run_command_2 = disabled
run_command_3 = disabled
run_command_4 = disabled
run_command_5 = disabled
run_command_6 = disabled
run_command_7 = disabled
run_command_10 = disabled
switch_group_backward = disabled
run_command_12 = disabled
cycle_windows = Escape
switch_panels_backward = disabled
run_command_11 = disabled
run_command_8 = disabled
run_command_9 = disabled
switch_to_workspace_up = Up
panel_main_menu = F1
switch_group = disabled
cycle_panels_backward = disabled
run_command_terminal = disabled
panel_run_dialog = F2
/apps/metacity/keybinding_commands:
command_11 =
command_12 =
command_screenshot = gnome-screenshot
command_1 =
command_2 =
command_3 =
command_4 =
command_5 =
command_6 =
command_7 =
command_8 =
command_9 =
command_window_screenshot = gnome-screenshot --window
command_10 =
/apps/metacity/window_keybindings:
minimize = F9
begin_resize = F8
maximize = disabled
move_to_center = disabled
move_to_side_e = disabled
move_to_workspace_1 = disabled
move_to_workspace_2 = disabled
move_to_side_n = disabled
move_to_workspace_4 = disabled
move_to_workspace_5 = disabled
move_to_workspace_6 = disabled
move_to_workspace_7 = disabled
move_to_workspace_8 = disabled
move_to_workspace_9 = disabled
maximize_horizontally = disabled
move_to_corner_sw = disabled
activate_window_menu = space
move_to_side_w = disabled
move_to_side_s = disabled
move_to_corner_ne = disabled
toggle_fullscreen = disabled
lower = disabled
move_to_workspace_3 = disabled
toggle_shaded = disabled
move_to_workspace_right = Right
raise_or_lower = disabled
raise = disabled
move_to_workspace_up = Up
toggle_maximized = F10
move_to_workspace_left = Left
begin_move = F7
unmaximize = F5
move_to_workspace_down = Down
move_to_corner_nw = disabled
close = F4
toggle_on_all_workspaces = disabled
maximize_vertically = disabled
move_to_corner_se = disabled
move_to_workspace_10 = disabled
move_to_workspace_11 = disabled
move_to_workspace_12 = disabled
toggle_above = disabled
/apps/metacity/workspace_names:
name_5 =
name_6 =
name_1 = Desk 1
name_2 = Desk 2
name_3 = Desk 3
name_4 = Desk 4
name_14 =
name_15 =
name_16 =
name_11 =
name_12 =
name_13 =
name_10 =
name_9 =
name_7 =
name_8 =
/apps/metacity/general:
visual_bell_type = fullscreen
auto_raise_delay = 500
titlebar_font = Sans Bold 10
visual_bell = false
application_based = false
action_double_click_titlebar = toggle_maximize
audible_bell = true
compositing_manager = false
focus_new_windows = smart
mouse_button_modifier =
resize_with_right_button = false
theme = XPLuna
titlebar_uses_system_font = false
num_workspaces = 4
button_layout = menu:minimize,maximize,close
action_middle_click_titlebar = lower
disable_workarounds = false
auto_raise = false
focus_mode = click
action_right_click_titlebar = menu
reduced_resources = false
raise_on_click = true
/apps/gnome-keyring:
/apps/gnome-keyring/daemon-components:
ssh = true
pkcs11 = true
/apps/gnotski:
level = 0
/apps/panel:
/apps/panel/applets:
/apps/panel/applets/applet_0:
menu_path = applications:/
launcher_location =
bonobo_iid = OAFIID:GNOME_ShowDesktopApplet
custom_icon =
locked = true
panel_right_stick = false
object_type = bonobo-applet
use_custom_icon = false
tooltip =
toplevel_id = bottom_panel_0
action_type = lock
use_menu_path = false
attached_toplevel_id =
position = 1
/apps/panel/applets/applet_1:
menu_path = applications:/
launcher_location =
bonobo_iid = OAFIID:GNOME_WindowListApplet
custom_icon =
locked = true
panel_right_stick = false
object_type = bonobo-applet
use_custom_icon = false
tooltip =
toplevel_id = bottom_panel_0
action_type = lock
use_menu_path = false
attached_toplevel_id =
position = 2
/apps/panel/applets/applet_1/prefs:
display_all_workspaces = false
group_windows = never
maximum_size = 4096
minimum_size = 50
move_unminimized_windows = true
/apps/panel/applets/applet_2:
menu_path = applications:/
launcher_location =
bonobo_iid = OAFIID:GNOME_NotificationAreaApplet
custom_icon =
locked = true
panel_right_stick = true
object_type = bonobo-applet
use_custom_icon = false
tooltip =
toplevel_id = bottom_panel_0
action_type = lock
use_menu_path = false
attached_toplevel_id =
position = 2
/apps/panel/applets/applet_3:
menu_path = applications:/
launcher_location =
bonobo_iid = OAFIID:GNOME_WorkspaceSwitcherApplet
custom_icon =
locked = true
panel_right_stick = true
object_type = bonobo-applet
use_custom_icon = false
tooltip =
toplevel_id = bottom_panel_0
action_type = lock
use_menu_path = false
attached_toplevel_id =
position = 2
/apps/panel/applets/applet_3/prefs:
display_all_workspaces = true
num_workspaces = 4
num_rows = 2
display_workspace_names = false
/apps/panel/applets/applet_4:
menu_path = applications:/
launcher_location =
bonobo_iid = OAFIID:GNOME_ClockApplet
custom_icon =
locked = true
panel_right_stick = true
object_type = bonobo-applet
use_custom_icon = false
tooltip =
toplevel_id = bottom_panel_0
action_type = lock
use_menu_path = false
attached_toplevel_id =
position = 0
/apps/panel/applets/applet_4/prefs:
custom_format =
gmt_time = false
expand_weather = false
show_timezones = false
expand_tasks = false
internet_time = false
show_tooltip = true
show_seconds = false
show_weather = false
speed_unit = Default
expand_appointments = true
unix_time = false
show_date = false
expand_birthdays = true
config_tool =
cities = []
format = 24-hour
show_temperature = false
show_week_numbers = true
expand_locations = false
temperature_unit = Default
hour_format = 12
/apps/panel/applets/applet_4/prefs/timezones:
tz_id_list = []
/apps/panel/objects:
/apps/panel/objects/object_0:
menu_path = applications:/
launcher_location =
bonobo_iid =
custom_icon = /usr/share/themes/XPLuna/start.png
locked = true
panel_right_stick = false
object_type = menu-object
use_custom_icon = true
tooltip = Main menu
toplevel_id = bottom_panel_0
action_type = lock
use_menu_path = false
attached_toplevel_id =
position = 0
/apps/panel/objects/object_1:
menu_path = applications:/
launcher_location = firefox.desktop
bonobo_iid =
custom_icon =
locked = true
panel_right_stick = false
object_type = launcher-object
use_custom_icon = false
tooltip =
toplevel_id = bottom_panel_0
action_type = lock
use_menu_path = false
attached_toplevel_id =
position = 1
/apps/panel/objects/object_2:
menu_path = applications:/
launcher_location = nautilus-computer.desktop
bonobo_iid =
custom_icon =
locked = true
panel_right_stick = false
object_type = launcher-object
use_custom_icon = false
tooltip =
toplevel_id = bottom_panel_0
action_type = lock
use_menu_path = false
attached_toplevel_id =
position = 1
/apps/panel/objects/object_3:
menu_path = applications:/
launcher_location = gnome-terminal.desktop
bonobo_iid =
custom_icon =
locked = false
panel_right_stick = false
object_type = launcher-object
use_custom_icon = false
tooltip =
toplevel_id = bottom_panel_0
action_type = lock
use_menu_path = false
attached_toplevel_id =
position = 1
/apps/panel/global:
tooltips_enabled = true
highlight_launchers_on_mouseover = true
menu_key = F1
enable_animations = true
confirm_panel_remove = true
panel_show_delay = 300
locked_down = false
drawer_autoclose = true
screenshot_key = Print
panel_animation_speed = panel-speed-medium
disable_log_out = false
enable_key_bindings = true
panel_hide_delay = 500
disable_force_quit = false
window_screenshot_key = Print
disabled_applets = []
panel_minimized_size = 3
run_key = F2
disable_lock_screen = true
keep_menus_in_memory = true
/apps/panel/toplevels:
/apps/panel/toplevels/bottom_panel_0:
enable_arrows = true
enable_buttons = false
hide_delay = 500
enable_animations = true
expand = true
name = bottom_panel_0
size = 24
unhide_delay = 500
x_centered = false
screen = 0
y_centered = false
animation_speed = medium
monitor = 0
auto_hide_size = 6
x = 0
orientation = bottom
y = 0
auto_hide = false
/apps/panel/toplevels/bottom_panel_0/background:
opacity = 6000
rotate = false
color = #ffffff
type = gtk
fit = false
image =
stretch = false
/apps/panel/default_setup:
/apps/panel/default_setup/applets:
/apps/panel/default_setup/applets/window_list:
menu_path = applications:/
launcher_location =
bonobo_iid = OAFIID:GNOME_WindowListApplet
custom_icon =
locked = true
panel_right_stick = false
object_type = bonobo-applet
use_custom_icon = false
tooltip =
toplevel_id = bottom_panel
action_type = lock
use_menu_path = false
position = 1
attached_toplevel_id =
/apps/panel/default_setup/applets/clock:
menu_path = applications:/
launcher_location =
bonobo_iid = OAFIID:GNOME_ClockApplet
custom_icon =
locked = true
panel_right_stick = true
object_type = bonobo-applet
use_custom_icon = false
tooltip =
toplevel_id = top_panel
action_type = lock
use_menu_path = false
position = 2
attached_toplevel_id =
/apps/panel/default_setup/applets/indicator_applet:
menu_path = applications:/
launcher_location =
bonobo_iid = OAFIID:GNOME_IndicatorApplet
custom_icon =
locked = true
panel_right_stick = true
object_type = bonobo-applet
use_custom_icon = false
tooltip =
toplevel_id = top_panel
action_type = lock
use_menu_path = false
attached_toplevel_id =
position = 4
/apps/panel/default_setup/applets/trashapplet:
menu_path = applications:/
launcher_location =
bonobo_iid = OAFIID:GNOME_Panel_TrashApplet
custom_icon =
locked = true
panel_right_stick = true
object_type = bonobo-applet
use_custom_icon = false
tooltip =
toplevel_id = bottom_panel
use_menu_path = false
position = 0
attached_toplevel_id =
/apps/panel/default_setup/applets/fast_user_switch:
menu_path = applications:/
launcher_location =
bonobo_iid = OAFIID:GNOME_FastUserSwitchApplet
custom_icon =
locked = true
panel_right_stick = true
object_type = bonobo-applet
use_custom_icon = false
tooltip =
toplevel_id = top_panel
action_type = lock
use_menu_path = false
attached_toplevel_id =
position = 0
/apps/panel/default_setup/applets/workspace_switcher:
menu_path = applications:/
launcher_location =
bonobo_iid = OAFIID:GNOME_WorkspaceSwitcherApplet
custom_icon =
locked = true
panel_right_stick = true
object_type = bonobo-applet
use_custom_icon = false
tooltip =
toplevel_id = bottom_panel
action_type = lock
use_menu_path = false
position = 1
attached_toplevel_id =
/apps/panel/default_setup/applets/notification_area:
menu_path = applications:/
launcher_location =
bonobo_iid = OAFIID:GNOME_NotificationAreaApplet
custom_icon =
locked = true
panel_right_stick = true
object_type = bonobo-applet
use_custom_icon = false
tooltip =
toplevel_id = top_panel
action_type = lock
use_menu_path = false
position = 5
attached_toplevel_id =
/apps/panel/default_setup/applets/show_desktop_button:
menu_path = applications:/
launcher_location =
bonobo_iid = OAFIID:GNOME_ShowDesktopApplet
custom_icon =
locked = true
panel_right_stick = false
object_type = bonobo-applet
use_custom_icon = false
tooltip =
toplevel_id = bottom_panel
action_type = lock
use_menu_path = false
position = 0
attached_toplevel_id =
/apps/panel/default_setup/objects:
/apps/panel/default_setup/objects/menu_bar:
menu_path = applications:/
launcher_location =
bonobo_iid =
custom_icon =
locked = true
panel_right_stick = false
object_type = menu-bar
use_custom_icon = false
tooltip =
toplevel_id = top_panel
action_type = lock
use_menu_path = false
attached_toplevel_id =
position = 0
/apps/panel/default_setup/objects/yelp_launcher:
menu_path = applications:/
launcher_location = file:///usr/share/applications/yelp.desktop
bonobo_iid =
custom_icon =
locked = true
panel_right_stick = false
object_type = launcher-object
use_custom_icon = false
tooltip =
toplevel_id = top_panel
action_type = lock
use_menu_path = false
attached_toplevel_id =
position = 4
/apps/panel/default_setup/objects/browser_launcher:
menu_path = applications:/
launcher_location = firefox.desktop
bonobo_iid =
custom_icon =
locked = true
panel_right_stick = false
object_type = launcher-object
use_custom_icon = false
tooltip =
toplevel_id = top_panel
action_type = lock
use_menu_path = false
attached_toplevel_id =
position = 1
/apps/panel/default_setup/toplevels:
/apps/panel/default_setup/toplevels/top_panel:
enable_arrows = true
enable_buttons = false
y_bottom = -1
hide_delay = 300
enable_animations = true
expand = true
name =
size = 24
unhide_delay = 100
x_centered = false
x_right = -1
screen = 0
y_centered = false
animation_speed = fast
monitor = 0
auto_hide_size = 1
x = 0
orientation = top
y = 0
auto_hide = false
/apps/panel/default_setup/toplevels/top_panel/background:
opacity = 6000
rotate = false
color = #ffffff
type = gtk
fit = false
image =
stretch = false
/apps/panel/default_setup/toplevels/bottom_panel:
enable_arrows = true
enable_buttons = false
y_bottom = 0
hide_delay = 300
enable_animations = true
expand = true
name =
size = 24
unhide_delay = 100
x_centered = false
x_right = -1
screen = 0
y_centered = false
animation_speed = fast
monitor = 0
auto_hide_size = 1
x = 0
orientation = bottom
y = 0
auto_hide = false
/apps/panel/default_setup/toplevels/bottom_panel/background:
opacity = 6000
rotate = false
color = #ffffff
type = gtk
fit = false
image =
stretch = false
/apps/panel/default_setup/general:
applet_id_list = [clock,notification_area,indicator_applet,show_desktop_button,window_list,workspace_switcher,trashapplet,fast_user_switch]
object_id_list = [menu_bar,browser_launcher,yelp_launcher]
toplevel_id_list = [top_panel,bottom_panel]
/apps/panel/general:
show_program_list = false
object_id_list = [object_0,object_1,object_2,object_3]
applet_id_list = [applet_0,applet_1,applet_2,applet_4,applet_3]
enable_program_list = true
profiles_migrated = false
enable_autocompletion = true
toplevel_id_list = [bottom_panel_0]
/apps/gnomine:
use_question_marks = false
use_overmine_warning = false
use_autoflag = false
/apps/gnomine/geometry:
nmines = 40
ysize = 16
mode = 0
xsize = 16
/apps/gnome-screensaver:
lock_enabled = false
idle_activation_enabled = true
cycle_delay = 10
status_message_enabled = true
lock_dialog_theme = default
mode = single
user_switch_enabled = true
idle_delay = 10
logout_delay = 120
embedded_keyboard_command =
lock = false
logout_enabled = false
embedded_keyboard_enabled = false
theme = screensavers-ubuntu_theme
logout_command =
themes = [screensavers-personal-slideshow]
power_management_delay = 30
lock_delay = 0
/apps/gcalctool:
accuracy = 9
display = FIX
xposition = -1
showregisters = false
trigtype = DEG
showthousands = false
base = 10
wordlen = 64
mode = BASIC
showzeroes = false
yposition = -1
/apps/glines:
/apps/glines/preferences:
/apps/glines/saved:
/apps/gnome-dictionary:
sidebar-width = -1
source-name = Default
print-font = Serif 12
default-window-width = -1
statusbar-visible = false
sidebar-page = speller
server = dict.org
strategy = exact
port = 2628
smart = true
default-window-height = -1
sidebar-visible = false
window-is-maximized = false
database = !
/apps/gnome-search-tool:
default_window_height = -1
look_in_folder =
disable_quick_search_second_scan = false
show_additional_options = false
quick_search_excluded_paths = [/mnt/*,/media/*,/dev/*,/tmp/*,/proc/*,/var/*]
default_window_width = -1
columns_order = [0]
disable_quick_search = false
default_window_maximized = false
quick_search_second_scan_excluded_paths = [/]
/apps/gnome-search-tool/select:
file_is_empty = false
exclude_other_filesystems = false
owned_by_group = false
date_modified_less_than = false
owned_by_user = false
date_modified_more_than = false
owner_is_unrecognized = false
contains_the_text = true
size_at_least = false
size_at_most = false
show_hidden_files_and_folders = false
follow_symbolic_links = false
name_does_not_contain = false
name_matches_regular_expression = false
/apps/netbook-launcher:
/apps/netbook-launcher/favorites:
/apps/netbook-launcher/favorites/ubiquity:
type = application
desktop_file = /usr/share/applications/ubiquity-gtkui.desktop
/apps/gconf-editor:
bookmarks = []
/apps/gnome_settings_daemon:
volume_step = 6
/apps/gnome_settings_daemon/gtk-modules:
/apps/gnome_settings_daemon/keybindings:
volume_down = XF86AudioLowerVolume
media = XF86AudioMedia
screensaver = l
home = XF86Explorer
pause = XF86AudioPause
search = XF86Search
volume_up = XF86AudioRaiseVolume
email = XF86Mail
previous = XF86AudioPrev
sleep =
help =
power = Delete
stop = XF86AudioStop
eject = XF86Eject
next = XF86AudioNext
volume_mute = XF86AudioMute
www = XF86WWW
play = XF86AudioPlay
calculator = XF86Calculator
/apps/gnome_settings_daemon/plugins:
/apps/gnome_settings_daemon/plugins/keyboard:
priority = 6
active = true
/apps/gnome_settings_daemon/plugins/a11y-keyboard:
priority = 7
active = true
/apps/gnome_settings_daemon/plugins/background:
priority = 97
active = true
/apps/gnome_settings_daemon/plugins/keybindings:
priority = 20
active = true
/apps/gnome_settings_daemon/plugins/xrdb:
priority = 90
active = false
/apps/gnome_settings_daemon/plugins/xsettings:
priority = 2
active = true
/apps/gnome_settings_daemon/plugins/sound:
priority = 5
active = true
/apps/gnome_settings_daemon/plugins/mouse:
priority = 7
active = true
/apps/gnome_settings_daemon/plugins/typing-break:
priority = 200
active = true
/apps/gnome_settings_daemon/plugins/clipboard:
priority = 99
active = true
/apps/gnome_settings_daemon/plugins/housekeeping:
min_notify_period = 10
priority = 300
active = true
free_percent_notify = 0.05000000074505806
ignore_paths = []
free_size_gb_no_notify = 2
free_percent_notify_again = 0.0099999997764825821
/apps/gnome_settings_daemon/plugins/xrandr:
priority = 1
active = true
/apps/gnome_settings_daemon/plugins/font:
priority = 4
active = true
/apps/gnome_settings_daemon/plugins/media-keys:
priority = 98
active = true
/apps/gnome_settings_daemon/xrandr:
show_notification_icon = false
/apps/gnometris:
/apps/gnometris/options:
use_target = false
bgcolor = Black
theme = plain
starting_level = 1
usebgimage = true
do_preview = true
block_pixmap = 7blocks-gw.png
line_fill_height = 0
random_block_colors = false
rotate_counter_clock_wise = true
line_fill_probability = 5
/apps/gnometris/controls:
key_right = 65363
key_down = 65364
key_rotate = 65362
key_pause = 65299
key_left = 65361
key_drop = 32
/apps/gnome-screenshot:
include_pointer = true
take_window_shot = false
border_effect = none
delay = 0
include_border = true
last_save_directory =
/apps/gnome-terminal:
/apps/gnome-terminal/profiles:
/apps/gnome-terminal/profiles/Default:
background_type = solid
background_color = #FFFFFFFFDDDD
scroll_on_output = false
visible_name = Default
scrollback_lines = 512
scroll_background = true
alternate_screen_scroll = true
use_system_font = true
background_darkness = 0.5
silent_bell = false
allow_bold = true
delete_binding = escape-sequence
login_shell = false
use_skey = true
word_chars = -A-Za-z0-9,./?%&#:_=+@~
default_show_menubar = true
icon =
title = Terminal
use_theme_colors = true
custom_command =
scrollbar_position = right
backspace_binding = ascii-del
cursor_shape = block
palette = #2E2E34343636:#CCCC00000000:#4E4E9A9A0606:#C4C4A0A00000:#34346565A4A4:#757550507B7B:#060698209A9A:#D3D3D7D7CFCF:#555557575353:#EFEF29292929:#8A8AE2E23434:#FCFCE9E94F4F:#72729F9FCFCF:#ADAD7F7FA8A8:#3434E2E2E2E2:#EEEEEEEEECEC
scroll_on_keystroke = true
update_records = true
title_mode = replace
exit_action = close
use_custom_command = false
cursor_blink_mode = system
background_image =
foreground_color = #000000000000
font = Monospace 12
/apps/gnome-terminal/global:
confirm_window_close = true
use_menu_accelerators = true
use_mnemonics = true
active_encodings = [UTF-8,current]
profile_list = [Default]
default_profile = Default
/apps/gnome-terminal/keybindings:
switch_to_tab_4 = 4
paste = v
switch_to_tab_6 = 6
switch_to_tab_7 = 7
switch_to_tab_8 = 8
switch_to_tab_9 = 9
help = F1
close_tab = w
new_window = n
zoom_in = plus
prev_tab = Page_Up
switch_to_tab_5 = 5
new_tab = t
full_screen = F11
set_terminal_title = (no value set)
reset = (no value set)
toggle_menubar = (no value set)
switch_to_tab_10 = 0
switch_to_tab_11 = (no value set)
switch_to_tab_12 = (no value set)
reset_and_clear = (no value set)
close_window = q
zoom_out = minus
new_profile = (no value set)
move_tab_left = Page_Up
zoom_normal = 0
detach_tab = (no value set)
next_tab = Page_Down
copy = c
move_tab_right = Page_Down
switch_to_tab_1 = 1
switch_to_tab_2 = 2
switch_to_tab_3 = 3
/apps/vinagre:
always_show_tabs = false
history_size = 15
shared_flag = true
show_accels = false
/apps/vinagre/plugins:
active-plugins = [vnc,ssh]
/apps/nm-applet:
suppress-wireless-networks-available = false
stamp = 1
disable-disconnected-notifications = false
disable-connected-notifications = false
disable-wifi-create = false
/apps/gedit-2:
/apps/gedit-2/preferences:
/apps/gedit-2/preferences/ui:
/apps/gedit-2/preferences/ui/toolbar:
toolbar_visible = true
toolbar_buttons_style = GEDIT_TOOLBAR_SYSTEM
/apps/gedit-2/preferences/ui/side_pane:
side_pane_visible = false
/apps/gedit-2/preferences/ui/recents:
max_recents = 5
/apps/gedit-2/preferences/ui/bottom_panel:
bottom_panel_visible = false
/apps/gedit-2/preferences/ui/statusbar:
statusbar_visible = true
/apps/gedit-2/preferences/editor:
/apps/gedit-2/preferences/editor/save:
writable_vfs_schemes = [dav,davs,ftp,sftp,smb,ssh]
auto_save = false
create_backup_copy = true
backup_copy_extension = ~
auto_save_interval = 10
/apps/gedit-2/preferences/editor/cursor_position:
restore_cursor_position = true
/apps/gedit-2/preferences/editor/wrap_mode:
wrap_mode = GTK_WRAP_WORD
/apps/gedit-2/preferences/editor/search_highlighting:
enable = true
/apps/gedit-2/preferences/editor/line_numbers:
display_line_numbers = false
/apps/gedit-2/preferences/editor/undo:
max_undo_actions = 2000
undo_actions_limit = 25
/apps/gedit-2/preferences/editor/right_margin:
right_margin_position = 80
display_right_margin = false
/apps/gedit-2/preferences/editor/colors:
scheme = classic
/apps/gedit-2/preferences/editor/font:
use_default_font = true
editor_font = Monospace 12
/apps/gedit-2/preferences/editor/current_line:
highlight_current_line = false
/apps/gedit-2/preferences/editor/tabs:
insert_spaces = false
tabs_size = 8
/apps/gedit-2/preferences/editor/auto_indent:
auto_indent = false
/apps/gedit-2/preferences/editor/smart_home_end:
smart_home_end = after
/apps/gedit-2/preferences/editor/bracket_matching:
bracket_matching = false
/apps/gedit-2/preferences/print:
/apps/gedit-2/preferences/print/fonts:
print_font_header_pango = Sans 11
print_font_body_pango = Monospace 9
print_font_numbers_pango = Sans 8
/apps/gedit-2/preferences/print/page:
print_header = true
print_syntax_highlighting = true
print_wrap_mode = GTK_WRAP_WORD
print_line_numbers = 0
/apps/gedit-2/preferences/encodings:
auto_detected = [UTF-8,CURRENT,ISO-8859-15,UTF-16]
shown_in_menu = [ISO-8859-15]
/apps/gedit-2/preferences/syntax_highlighting:
enable = true
/apps/gedit-2/plugins:
active-plugins = [docinfo,modelines,filebrowser,spell,time]
/apps/gedit-2/plugins/filebrowser:
open_at_first_doc = true
filter_mode = hidden_and_binary
filter_pattern =
/apps/gedit-2/plugins/filebrowser/on_load:
virtual_root =
root =
tree_view = true
enable_remote = false
/apps/gdm:
/apps/gdm/simple-greeter:
/apps/gdm/simple-greeter/settings-manager-plugins:
/apps/gdm/simple-greeter/settings-manager-plugins/a11y-keyboard:
/apps/gdm/simple-greeter/settings-manager-plugins/xsettings:
/apps/gdm/simple-greeter/settings-manager-plugins/media-keys:
/apps/gdm/simple-greeter/settings-manager-plugins/background:
/apps/gdm/simple-greeter/settings-manager-plugins/sound:
/apps/gdm/simple-greeter/settings-manager-plugins/xrandr:
/apps/gdm/simple-greeter/accessibility:
/apps/indicator-session:
suppress_logout_restart_shutdown = false
/apps/gnome-session:
/apps/gnome-session/options:
logout_prompt = true
splash_image = splash/ubuntu-splash.png
auto_save_session = false
show_splash_screen = false
/apps/epiphany:
/apps/epiphany/general:
homepage = file:///usr/share/ubuntu-artwork/home/index.html
/apps/mahjongg:
/apps/bluetooth-manager:
show_icon = true
/apps/nautilus:
/apps/nautilus/preferences:
show_icon_text = local_only
start_with_sidebar = true
click_policy = double
background_color = #ffffff
start_with_toolbar = true
start_with_location_bar = true
search_bar_type = search_by_text
mouse_back_button = 8
directory_limit = -1
exit_with_last_window = true
always_use_location_entry = true
desktop_font = Sans 10
media_autorun_x_content_start_app = [x-content/software]
media_automount_open = true
show_desktop = true
side_pane_background_color = #ffffff
navigation_window_saved_maximized = false
desktop_is_home_dir = false
media_autorun_x_content_ignore = []
always_use_browser = true
theme = default
mouse_use_extra_buttons = true
sidebar_width = 148
enable_delete = false
side_pane_background_set = false
install_mime_activation = true
preview_sound = local_only
show_image_thumbnails = local_only
side_pane_background_filename =
navigation_window_saved_geometry = 720x540+93+132
sort_directories_first = true
date_format = locale
background_set = false
media_autorun_never = false
background_filename =
show_advanced_permissions = false
media_automount = true
thumbnail_limit = 10485760
default_folder_viewer = icon_view
mouse_forward_button = 9
start_with_status_bar = true
executable_text_activation = ask
media_autorun_x_content_open_folder = []
show_directory_item_counts = local_only
side_pane_view = NautilusTreeSidebar
confirm_trash = true
/apps/nautilus/icon_view:
default_use_tighter_layout = false
captions = [none,size,date_modified]
default_use_manual_layout = false
default_sort_in_reverse_order = false
thumbnail_size = 96
labels_beside_icons = false
text_ellipsis_limit = [3]
default_sort_order = name
default_zoom_level = standard
/apps/nautilus/sidebar_panels:
/apps/nautilus/sidebar_panels/tree:
show_only_directories = true
/apps/nautilus/desktop-metadata:
/apps/nautilus/desktop-metadata/home:
icon-scale = 1
nautilus-icon-position = 64,102
nautilus-icon-position-timestamp = 1265583337
/apps/nautilus/desktop-metadata/computer:
icon-scale = 1
nautilus-icon-position = 64,22
nautilus-icon-position-timestamp = 1265583337
/apps/nautilus/desktop-metadata/directory:
nautilus-icon-view-keep-aligned = true
nautilus-icon-view-layout-timestamp = 1265583337
nautilus-icon-view-tighter-layout = false
/apps/nautilus/desktop-metadata/trash:
icon-scale = 1
nautilus-icon-position = 64,262
nautilus-icon-position-timestamp = 1265583337
/apps/nautilus/desktop-metadata/network:
icon-scale = 1
nautilus-icon-position = 64,182
nautilus-icon-position-timestamp = 1265583337
/apps/nautilus/compact_view:
default_zoom_level = standard
all_columns_have_same_width = true
/apps/nautilus/list_view:
default_zoom_level = smaller
default_column_order = [name,size,type,date_modified]
default_visible_columns = [name,size,type,date_modified]
default_sort_in_reverse_order = false
default_sort_order = name
/apps/nautilus/desktop:
network_icon_visible = true
computer_icon_name = My Computer
trash_icon_name = Recycle Bin
network_icon_name = My Network Places
trash_icon_visible = true
text_ellipsis_limit = 3
volumes_visible = true
home_icon_visible = true
computer_icon_visible = true
home_icon_name = My Documents
/apps/drivemount-applet:
/apps/drivemount-applet/prefs:
mount_point = /media/floppy
/apps/gnibbles:
/apps/gnibbles/preferences:
/apps/gnibbles/preferences/worm:
/apps/gnibbles/preferences/worm/1:
/apps/gnibbles/preferences/worm/2:
/apps/gnibbles/preferences/worm/3:
/apps/gnibbles/preferences/worm/4:
/apps/gnibbles/preferences/worm/5:
/apps/gnibbles/preferences/worm/0:
/apps/gnome-system-log:
logfiles = (no value set)
width = 600
logfile = /var/log/messages
height = 400
fontsize = 10
/apps/procman:
cpu_color0 = #FF6E00
cpu_color1 = #CB0C29
cpu_color2 = #49A835
current_tab = 2
cpu_color3 = #2D7DB3
mem_color = #AB1852
width = 440
solaris_mode = false
kill_dialog = true
view_as = 1
net_out_color = #844798
net_in_color = #2D7DB3
graph_update_interval = 1000
show_tree = false
show_all_fs = false
height = 495
update_interval = 3000
disks_interval = 5000
smooth_refresh = true
swap_color = #49A835
/apps/procman/disktreenew:
sort_col = 1
sort_order = 0
columns_order = (no value set)
/apps/procman/memmapstree:
sort_col = 0
sort_order = 0
/apps/procman/proctree:
col_12_width = 48
col_8_width = 0
col_16_visible = true
col_5_visible = false
col_15_width = 48
col_4_visible = false
col_15_visible = true
col_14_visible = false
col_3_visible = false
col_1_width = 0
col_13_visible = false
col_2_visible = true
col_12_visible = true
col_4_width = 53
col_7_width = 0
col_1_visible = false
sort_col = 0
col_0_visible = true
col_11_visible = true
col_10_visible = false
col_11_width = 48
col_14_width = 48
sort_order = 0
col_0_width = 198
col_3_width = 0
col_6_width = 0
columns_order = (no value set)
col_13_width = 48
col_10_width = 0
col_9_width = 50
col_16_width = 48
col_9_visible = false
col_2_width = 37
col_8_visible = true
col_7_visible = false
col_5_width = 0
col_6_visible = false
/apps/nautilus-open-terminal:
display_mc_item = true
desktop_opens_home_dir = false
/apps/compiz:
/apps/compiz/plugins:
/apps/compiz/plugins/switcher:
/apps/compiz/plugins/switcher/screen0:
/apps/compiz/plugins/switcher/screen0/options:
brightness = 65
bring_to_front = true
speed = 1.5
auto_rotate = false
zoom = 1
icon = true
mipmap = true
window_match = Toolbar | Utility | Dialog | Normal | Unknown
saturation = 100
minimized = true
timestep = 1.2000000476837158
opacity = 40
/apps/compiz/plugins/switcher/allscreens:
/apps/compiz/plugins/switcher/allscreens/options:
next_all_key = Tab
next_all_button = Disabled
next_key = Tab
prev_all_button = Disabled
prev_key = Tab
next_no_popup_button = Disabled
next_panel_button = Disabled
prev_no_popup_key = Disabled
next_button = Disabled
prev_panel_key = Disabled
prev_all_key = Tab
prev_panel_button = Disabled
next_no_popup_key = Disabled
prev_no_popup_button = Disabled
prev_button = Disabled
next_panel_key = Disabl

Posted via email from Narendra Sisodiya's posterous

06 February 2010

Project Deb Bundle - input needed {zeroth version}

I would like to share my current work. yesterday I worked on this
concept and now i have zeroth version. basically, I am just showing
the idea, want to take comment and will modify script accordingly.

Basically, I have installed ubuntu more then 10 times in last 10
month. I hate again and again installation of software.
So basic idea of deb_bundle is to create a .zip files to .deb files
which you need to for installing a perticular software


= purpose =
* This will help to user those who do not have Internet

= what is bundle =
* It is a zip files contains many .deb files, for example
vboxgtk.deb_bundle will be containing all the necessary and dependant
files init. So you can actually download vboxgtk.deb_bundle files and
install it instead of going to synaptic packages manager
= How to create bundle =
$ ./Bundle_Creator
EX $ ./Bundle_Creator vboxgtk virtualbox-guest-additions

this will download all necessary files and packages into single files
called vboxgtk.deb_bundle

= How to install bundle =
$ ./Bundle_Installer
EX $ ./Bundle_Installer vboxgtk.deb_bundle


= Source Code =
http://code.google.com/p/debbundle/source/browse/#svn/trunk

= Issue1 : Bundle Packages created on one system can be differ from other =

YEs, basically, It Bundle_Creator will just download the .deb files
which are needed. If some files have been installed earlier , those
will not be captured into new bundles. So solution to this we need to
make a reference system. We need to create all bundle with respect to
that minimum ubuntu system. This reference point can be a minimum
ubuntu system Or Just installed ubuntu live image

= Issue2 : How new updates will go into these bundle =
This is again an issue which need to be taken care.

I will upload these bundle on IITD repo as a experiment.
I am working on other possible issues and Finally I want to have a one
click installable bundles which can be transferable to system which do
not have Internet.

┌─────────────────────────┐
│ Narendra Sisodiya ( नरेन्द्र सिसोदिया )
│ Society for Knowledge Commons
│ Web : http://narendra.techfandu.org
└─────────────────────────┘

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