Linux :Creating Static Libraries we have 4 files with us
- fun1.c => it store code of “add” and “sub” function.
- fun2.c => it store code of “mul” and “div” function.
- header.h => it store prototype of “add” , “sub” ,“mul” ,” div” function
- user_pro.c =>user program that calls the function.
We have some intermediate files
- fun1.o object code for fun1.c
- fun2.o object code for fun2.c
- mylib_sta.a static library made by combining both object file
- user_pro.o object code for user_pro.c
we have final executable file user_pro_final
- user_pro_final binary file ( executable file )
coding of each files
=====================================================
fun1.c
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
int add (int a , int b){return a+b;}int sum (int a , int b){return a-b;}=====================================================
fun2.c
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
int mul (int a , int b){return a*b;}float div (int a , int b){return ((float)a)/b;}=====================================================
header.h
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
int add (int a , int b);int sub (int a , int b);int mul (int a , int b);float div (int a , int b);=====================================================
user_pro.c
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include"header.h"#includemain(){ int a,b; printf("Enter a: "); scanf("%d",&a); printf("Enter b: "); scanf("%d",&b); printf("\naddition of a and b is %d: ",add(a,b)); printf("\nsutraction of a and b is %d: ",sub(a,b)); printf("\nmultiplication of a and b is %d: ",mul(a,b)); printf("\ndivide of a and b is %f: ",div(a,b)); return 0;}================================================
apply this procedure
$ pwd /home/student/Narendra/static
step 1 : create object code for all three .c file$ gcc -c fun1.c fun2.c user_pro.c
$ ls *.o
fun1.o fun2.o user_pro.o
step 2 : create static named mylib_sta.a library from fun1.o and fun2.o $ ar rcv mylib_sta.a fun1.o fun2.o
a – fun1.o
a – fun2.o
step 3 : create executable file named user_pro_final $ gcc -o user_pro_final user_pro.o mylib_sta.a
step 4 : execute the user_pro_final $ ./user_pro_final
Enter a: 45
Enter b: 12
addition of a and b is 57:
subtraction of a and b is 33:
multiplication of a and b is 540:
dividing of a and b is 3.750000:
Creating Shared Libraries Load time Linking
we will work with some files from previous namely fun1.c fun2.c user_pro.c .
but we will produce mylib_shr.a this time
$ pwd
/home/student/Narendra/shared
step 1 : create object code of all .c files $ cc -Wall -fPIC -c fun1.c fun2.c user_pro.c
$ ls *.o
fun1.o fun2.o user_pro.o
step 2 : create shared library with fun1.o and fun2.o $ cc -shared fun1.o fun2.o
$ mv a.out mylib_shr.so
step 3 : linking of shared lib to user code to produce user_pro_final again $ cc user_pro.o -L. mylib_shr.so -o user_pro_final
step 4 : laod library path $ LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/student/Narendra/shared
$ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
step 5 : run the executable file $ ./user_pro_final_exe
Enter a: 45
Enter b: 12
addition of a and b is 57:
subtraction of a and b is 33:
multiplication of a and b is 540:
dividing of a and b is 3.750000:
Lazy Linking we have to modify the code in main program
====================================
user_pro.c
----------------------------------------------------------------
#include"header.h"#include#includeint main(){ void* funptr; int (*add)(int a,int b); int (*sub)(int a,int b); int (*mul)(int a,int b); float (*div)(int a,int b); funptr = dlopen("/home/student/Narendra/dyna/mylib_shr.so", RTLD_LAZY); if (!funptr) { fprintf(stderr, "Error during dlopen(): %s\n", dlerror()); return 1 ; } add= dlsym(funptr, "add"); sub= dlsym(funptr, "sub"); mul= dlsym(funptr, "mul"); div= dlsym(funptr, "div"); int a,b; printf("Enter a: "); scanf("%d",&a); printf("Enter b: "); scanf("%d",&b); printf("addition of a and b is %d: ",add(a,b)); printf("\nsubtraction of a and b is %d: ",sub(a,b)); printf("\nmultiplication of a and b is %d: ",mul(a,b)); printf("\ndividing of a and b is %f: ",div(a,b)); printf("\n"); dlclose(funptr); return 0;}====================================================
$ pwd
/home/student/Narendra/dyna
step 1 : create object code of all .c files $ cc -Wall -fPIC -c fun1.c fun2.c user_pro.c
$ ls *.o
fun1.o fun2.o user_pro.o
step 2 : create shared library with fun1.o and fun2.o $ cc -shared fun1.o fun2.o
$ mv a.out mylib_shr.so
step 3 : create executable file $ cc user_pro.o -L. mylib_shr.so -o user_pro_final -ldl
step 4 : run the executable file $ ./user_pro_final
Enter a: 45
Enter b: 12
addition of a and b is 57:
subtraction of a and b is 33:
multiplication of a and b is 540:
dividing of a and b is 3.750000:
========================================================
Windows Environment: In windows we use VC++ to create the dll. The following process have to be
followed to make the dll.
Creating a Win32 dll: • Open the New Project Wizard.
• Select Win32 Dynamic-Link Library.
• Name the project as dllfun1.
• In the next screen, select "A dll that exports some symbols" radio button.
• Click Finish. The dll project will be created.
• Now open the file dllfun1.cpp. We can see a function definition for
"DLLASSIGN_API int fndllfunl(void)".
• Replace this function with the code of your library function. Like this you can
define any number of functions in that file.
==========================================================
dllfun1.cpp
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// dllfun1.cpp : Defines the entry point for the DLL application.//#include "stdafx.h"#include "dllfun1.h"BOOL APIENTRY DllMain( HANDLE hModule, DWORD ul_reason_for_call, LPVOID lpReserved ){ switch (ul_reason_for_call) { case DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH: case DLL_THREAD_ATTACH: case DLL_THREAD_DETACH: case DLL_PROCESS_DETACH: break; } return TRUE;}DLLFUN1_API int add (int a , int b){return a+b;}DLLFUN1_API int sub (int a , int b){return a-b;}// This is the constructor of a class that has been exported.// see dllfun1.h for the class definitionCDllfun1::CDllfun1(){ return;}==========================================================
• Open the dllfun1..h file and insert the declaration
===================================================
dllfun1.h
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#ifdef DLLFUN1_EXPORTS #define DLLFUN1_API __declspec(dllexport) #else #define DLLFUN1_API __declspec(dllimport) #endif // This class is exported from the dllfun1.dll class DLLFUN1_API CDllfun1 { public: CDllfun1(void); // TODO: add your methods here. }; DLLFUN1_API int add (int a,int b); DLLFUN1_API int sub (int a,int b); ====================================================
• Create a new file named "dllfun1.Def" and add the following code in that file.
==========================================
dllfun1.Def
---------------------------------------------------------------------
; dllfun1.def : Declares the module parameters for the DLL. LIBRARY "dllfun1" DESCRIPTION 'DemoDll Windows Dynamic Link Library' EXPORTS ; Explicit exports can go here add PRIVATE sub PRIVATE ==============================================
• Add this dllfun1.def into the project.
• Build the project.The dll will be created.
• Follow the above steps to create another dll file “dllfun2.dll” that contain function
mul and div1 .
• Store both dll files into C:\mydll folder
Using the dllThis part explains only the dynamic loading using loadlibrary. The following sample
code I have used in a new console application which uses the library functions defined in
dllfun1.dll and dllfun2.dll library.
===============================================
user_pro.cpp
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include #include typedef int (*FunPtrTypeInt)(int a,int b);FunPtrTypeInt add , sub , mul ;typedef float (*FunPtrTypeFloat)(int a,int b);FunPtrTypeFloat div1 ;void main(){ HINSTANCE hDll; hDll = LoadLibrary("C:/mydll/dllfun1.dll"); if(hDll == NULL) { cout<<"Error loading dllfun1.dll"<
}
add = (FunPtrTypeInt)GetProcAddress(hDll,"add");
if(add == NULL)
{
cout<<"error:"<<
}
sub = (FunPtrTypeInt)GetProcAddress(hDll,"sub");
if(sub == NULL)
{
cout<<"error:"<<
}
hDll = LoadLibrary("C:/mydll/dllfun2.dll");
if(hDll == NULL)
{
cout<<"Error loading dllfun2.dll"<
return ;
}
mul = (FunPtrTypeInt)GetProcAddress(hDll,"mul");
if(mul == NULL)
{
cout<<"error:"<<
}
div1 = (FunPtrTypeFloat)GetProcAddress(hDll,"div1");
if(div1 == NULL)
{
cout<<"error:"<<
}
int a,b;
cout<<"Enter a:";cin>>a;
cout<<"Enter b:";cin>>b;
cout<<"a + b = "<<
cout<<"a - b = "<<
cout<<"a * b = "<<
cout<<"a / b = "<<
}
====================================================
running to this program will show the result
Enter a:
45
Enter b:
12
a + b = 53
a - b = 33
a * b = 540
a / b = 3.750000
